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Surgery comes from the Greek word Χειρουργική, Χείρ – hand and ἔργον – action, work. This is an area of medicine dealing with acute and chronic diseases that are treated by surgical method. The surgical treatment consists of the following procedures: patient’s preparation for surgery, anesthesia (general anesthesia) and surgery.
The surgical approach involves incision of skin or mucosa, surgical treatment of the body and restoring the integrity of damaged tissue during the surgery.
Operations are divided into: diagnostic, therapeutic or palliative operations. Diagnostic operations allow surgeons reach to more accurate diagnosis. In some cases - only a reliable diagnostic method can completely eliminate a disease process.
In terms of productivity, there are two kinds of оperations: emergency and routine. Emergency operations require immediate execution, for example - to stop bleeding, tracheostomy and others. Routine operations are carried out after a thorough examination of the patient and a preparation for the operation is conducted.
Reconstructive surgery is getting very popular these days. It aims towards "repairing" or replacement of the affected organ, for example: vascular prosthesis, an artificial heart valve and others. Reconstructive surgery performing minimize intervention onto the body.
Surgery areas are surgical abdominal surgery, thoracic surgery, urology, neurology, gynecology, neurosurgery, angiology, cardiac surgery, endocrinology, traumatology, orthopedics, plastic surgery, transplant, ophthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, purulent surgery and oncology.
