Compartment Syndrome (CECS)
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is a condition that can occur from repetitive loading or exertional activities. It is usually observed in athletes; runners, football and basketball players, skiers, etc. CECS can occur in any of the four lower leg compartments. However, the anterior compartment is the most common.
This condition is characterized by exercise-induced pain. Weakness and numbness can also occur. The onset of the symptoms usually occurs at a specific exercise distance/time interval Symptoms subside with rest and are usually minimal during daily activities. Symptoms return when activity resumes.
Stress Fracture
A stress fracture of the lower leg is most often than not an overuse injury and sometimes can be difficult to diagnose due to vague discomfort and generalized pain over the muscles. It is caused by repetitive trauma to the muscles and bones. When muscles are fatigued or overloaded they cannot absorb the stress or shock of repeated impacts. Fatigued lower leg muscles transfer that stress to a nearby bone. The result is a small crack or fracture in the bones of the lower leg. Sometimes it is not seen on x-rays.
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin Splints)
Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) or shin splints is a common injury that affects runners and athletes. It is characterized by pain in the lower part of the leg between the knee and ankle. This syndrome is caused by repeated trauma to the connective muscle tissue surrounding the tibia aka the shinbone.
Periostitis
Periostitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the periosteum (layer of connective tissue surrounding the bone). It is generally a chronic condition that is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and pain.
Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) occurs due to an abnormal positioning of the popliteal artery. This can produce extrinsic compression of the popliteal artery and cause vascular damage.
Muscle cramps
A muscle cramp is a sudden and involuntary contraction of the muscles that can cause severe pain. Muscle cramps can make it temporarily impossible to use the affected muscle.
Achilles tendonopathy
Achilles tendonopathy is pain in the lower leg along the tendon behind the ankle that can lead to thickening of the tendon from improper healing.
Plantaris Tear
Although the plantaris has little importance in the lower leg, there are injuries that can occur, which can cause disability and pain. Tennis leg is a common name for the injury. It is a result of an eccentric load placed on the ankle while the knee is extended, and occurs while running, cutting or jumping.
Achilles Tear
Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury that can also cause severe disability and is often missed in the emergency room due to swelling. Tendonopathy can predispose to tears. It Treatment can be surgical or non-surgical. It is important to get early and timely treatment.
Calf Muscle Tear
Calf muscle tears is a sudden pain that occurs in the calf muscle during activity which causes injury to the muscle – a condition also known as calf strain.
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