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Oncology comes from the Greek words  Ὄγκος – swelling, mass, volume, tumor and λόγος – knowledge. It is a branch of medicine dealing with benign and malignant tumors, mechanisms and patterns of occurrence and development of methods for diagnosis and treatment.

Oncological diseases represent a large and diverse family of diseases. Cancers are systemic and affect in one way or another all organs and systems of the human body. There are many types of cancer and cancer treatments. Although patients often perceive it as a lethal diagnosis, not all tumors are fatal.

Nowadays, there is a variety of therapies for treatment of tumor formations - an operation (surgery) to remove the tumor and/or metastasis; palliative surgery (i.e., elimination of the obstruction of the respiratory tract in the digestive tract or unresectable tumors); irradiation of tumor metastases and ionizing radiation; cytostatic and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy; immunotherapy to boost their anti-tumor immunity of the body; hormone therapy for hormone and/or hormone-dependent tumors; photodynamic therapy; targeted therapies - treatment of tumors with drugs that act directly on the target cell and have a minimal impact on healthy organs.